TRNAVA

Residential complex Hlboká was built in stages in the area of previous brickfield from in period 1970 to the end of 1980. It is localized northeast from the central town zone unfolded in rangy land which was often recasted by made-ups during the running as well as after liquidation of brickfield. The land was formed by two levels and the brickfield was situated in the lower one.
Vl. Clementisa street, mentioned above, was built-up on downhill between these two levels. Original geological ground of downhill was created by loess characterized by transfer and reduction of content in cases of water saturating.
In accordance with that time state policy, residential complex Hlboká was solving the inquiry of inhabitants accommodation. In consequences with the ambition to satisfy big amount of families in a very short period and to reduce finance expenses, there were not respected geological conditions in time of buildings basing, especially of the non-durable surfaces.
Underwork realization showed out sinking and sagging of roads very soon as well as bad technical condition of underground engineering network, blind structure of streets areas, absence of parking places and public spaces with street mobiliari, random and ineffective placement of public greenery.
Even if this project is maybe not the typical example of large destroyed urban area, it demonstrates an effort of humanisation of territory with unfavourable geological conditions. The neglect and devastation of the area were additionally enhanced by the absence of financial funds necessary for removing of original negative territory attributes.

The selected LUDA area is located in the eastern part of the city of Trnava. Trnava represents typical point lowland seat without nature limitation what caused very extensive progress of the land expropriation specially in second half of 20-tieth century.
Specified area, located in Trnava – east, is connected with the historical centre (town central zone) by pedestrian pathway set apart of road traffic. Residential complex, built up step by step in 70-tieth and 80-tieth years of the last century, consist of tree sectors. The Clementisova St., as an object of reconstruction, is the main traffic artery of residential complex. It serves to individual parts of the complex from Spartakovská-Hlboká crossroad to Clementisova-Bucianska road junction.

Urban Organization and Main Functions:
The predominant functions of the case study LUDA area are dwelling premises, which represent 90% of the selected area.
The site is used extensively, with large unused areas and neglected playing fields.

Function utilization of territory:

• predominant residential function by form of multi-storey (9) buildings:
  • regular housing buildings - 100 flats/ 1ha,
  • total number of flats- 4 024
• public amenities – higher and specific standard adequate to status of Trnava as the city with local, regional and county government
• public amenities
• shopping facilities
• total size of built up territory 40,14 ha, out of which parking places area is 6 ha
• total size of greenery area 46,49 ha
  

Population Structure and Dynamic:
The selected LUDA typically represents LUDA site in form of degraded panel housin estate and extensivelly used urban area with low quality of living environment, social infrastructure and absence of social control.
Population structure and dynamic – data regarding to the whole city:
1961 – 37978 inh.; 1970 – 45465 inh.; 1980 – 64062 inh.;
1991 – 71783 inh.; 1995 – 70191 inh.; 1996 – 70202 inh.;
1997 – 70045 inh.; 1998 – 69844 inh.; 1999 – 69802 inh.;
2000 – 69681 inh.; 2001 – 70 286 inh.
Number of inhabitant of residential estate Hlboká
in 2004 – 13 206.

Main LUDA’s Problems (social / political / economical / ecological):
The problem of the housing estate as a whole can be brought into a few points:

• big amount of flats on the relatively small area and in connection with this high population density on 1 ha
• disordered space in front of buildings, unclear function segmentation of street space – e.g. specific and pedestrian ways are inseparable, the public transport stops are not appropriately located, grassy playgrounds for children and parking spaces are not separated, ….
• insufficient capacity for the car park, new parking places are built up only at the greenery areas or places available for greenery
• unfinished, anonymous exterior impacted by high level of hooliganism

Reasons for Neglect:
Reasons, for which the revitalization of the specific territory were required:

• The communication on Clementisova St. became important traffic artery by its location in the specific area; it connects new shopping centers - Billa, Kaufland, Tesco with county importance as well as the premises of civil services – Social Insurance Company, private health care- Hospital and Clinics, District Police Office with Traffic Inspectorate, Local government of Trnava region, two basic schools and three kindergartens with importance of the city, district and even region.
• After 1989 in relation to increasing traffic load, the technical condition of the Clementisova St. became worse into such a level that the roughness of the road caused by setting of substratum due to the fail of engineering network, had became serious threat of the road traffic safety on the very frequented way.
• High way load by dynamic traffic was accompanied by inadequate static traffic loading. Private and commercial vehicles, often with trailers, used to park on the both sides of the road at the afternoons and at the nights, what had obstructed not only traffic fluency, public transport, but also save movement of pedestrian through zebra crossings.
• It was necessary to double capacity of parking by the blocks of flats, to find a new location for public transport bus stops, to build pathways, cycle road as a part of planned city cycle road system.
• Communication led through territory as well as concerned organization of parking places has been realized too close to the adjacent blocks of flats. The blocks of flats have been highly overloaded by road traffic pollution, dust and noise. There was not space to realize eliminated actions by proper placement of greenery.
• It was necessary to create new spaces for functional and logical emplacement of greenery with hygienic, filtering and insulating effectiveness. The intention was to double the volume of uncontrolled green planting by citizens, with emphasis on the right emplacement as well as strong increase of quality.
• Within the scope of the residence complex humanization, the idea was to establish the tradition for another similar damaged city areas to built-up cultivated, pleasant, public relax meeting places in a big, uncomfortable and anonymous suburban.

Additional Biography:
Coplák, Jaroslav – Komrska, Jan: Ecocity - príspevok ku koncepcii udržate¾ného rozvoja. (Ecocity - Contribution to the Concept of Sustainable Urban Development). In: Životné prostredie, Vol. 37, No.3, pp.136-140, 2003.
Coplák, Jaroslav: The Conceptual Framework of the EU Project Ecocity. In: Alfa Spectra – Planning Studies, Vol. 7, No.2, pp.3 – 17, 2003.
Šimoncic, Jozef: To my Trnava, about the history of Trnava and environs, 1988.
www.ecocityprojects.net/
www.ecocity.szm.sk
www.trnava.sk